Photograph of five panellists taking part in a symposium titled Regards croisés entre chartes précoloniales et constitutions africaines, which was organised by the Malian Centre and held on 19-21 September 2016. From left to right are: Moustapha Dicko, member of the political party ADEMA-PASJ and the Pan-African Parliament; Gaoussou Diawara, Malian poet and essayist; Mamadou Ismaïla Konate, lawyer and Malian Secretary of State for Justice (2016-17); Salem Ould El Hajj, Malian writer and historian; and Ismaïla Samba Traoré, president of the Malian Centre (2015-). This symposium was held in preparation for the 2^nd Colloque International des Écrivains, Journalistes et Communicateurs Traditionnels, which was organised by the Malian Centre and Mouvement Malivaleurs and held at Hôtel Massaley in Bamako from 29 November to 2 December 2016. The theme of this colloquium was “The rise of violent extremism as a threat to the state, social cohesion, rights and freedoms”.